Process information
| Key Data Set Information | |||
| Location | RER | ||
| Reference year | 2025 | ||
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| Use advice for data set | Scope: LinCrete is a glass-fibre reinforced concrete (GFRC) material used for façade and interior finishing applications. These prefabricated GFRC panels are produced with alkali-resistant glass fibres, enhancing tensile strength, impact resistance, and resilience, and have an approximate density of 2,100 kg/m³. The panels are manufactured in custom dimensions, typically up to 6,000 x 3,000 mm, with a thickness determined by specific project requirements. The scope of this core EPD focuses exclusively on the declaration of GFRC panels and excludes substructures components. System boundary: cradle to gate with options, modules C1–C4, and module D (A1–A3 + C + D and additional modules. The additional modules: A4 and A5 Specifically, the following processes were included in each module for the production of LinCrete: • Raw material provision; including colour pigments and exposed aggregates (A1) • Transport of raw materials, and consumables to the plant (A2) • Production processes at the plant, including energy costs (electricity, thermal energy), water consumption, production of auxiliary (formwork) and packaging materials and disposal of residual substances including production waste, small portion of packaging material and formwork (A3) • Transport from the factory gate to the construction site (A4) • Disposal of packaging materials (A5) • Dismantling LinCrete from the building (C1) • Transportation to the disposal facility (C2) • Module C3 is not relevant as LinCrete is sent directly to landfill (C3) • Landfilling of 100% of LinCrete panels (C4) • Reporting on the benefits and loads beyond the system boundary, including energy recovery from the disposal of materials (D) | ||
| Technical purpose of product or process | 'LinCrete' GFRC elements serve as a cladding material for curtain wall systems resp. back-ventilated façade systems, suspended ceilings, wall coverings, partition and raised floor systems that are mounted to substructure systems made of metal or wood or load‑bearing concrete structures. Furthermore, furniture and planting products can be integrated in the above‑mentioned building products. | ||
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| General comment on data set | ꞌLinCreteꞌ glass-fibre reinforced concrete (GFRC) products are made of architectural concrete with fine crafted surfaces. The reinforcement of the fine-grained concrete consists of alkali-resistant glass fibres (AR glass) that are capable of withstanding the highly alkaline environment in the cementitious mix and therefore provide a durable material that also resists severe exterior conditions. The product is produced as thin‑walled non-load-bearing elements in a material thickness range of typically a minimum of 12 and up to 30 mm with customisable geometrical shapes, colours and surfaces. | ||
| Copyright | Yes | ||
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| Data set valid until | 2030 | ||
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| Technology description including background system | This module covers the extraction, processing, and transportation of raw materials used in LinCrete production, as well as the electricity required for these processes. All upstream environmental impacts associated with raw materials are included. The primary raw materials for LinCrete claddings include: · Sand: Ensuring high-quality quartz sand; · Cement: Both white and grey cement are used, meeting standardized specifications for concrete production; · Glass fibres: Alkali-resistant glass fibres are incorporated to enhance tensile strength and durability; · Water, compliant with DIN EN 1008 standards, is used in the concrete mixture. In addition to these primary materials, additives such as silica dust, metakaolin, superplasticizers, hardeners, and set accelerators are incorporated to optimize the workability, strength, and durability of LinCrete. For further processes, materials for sandblasting and coating are also included. These materials are sourced from certified suppliers to ensure consistent quality and performance. Depending on project-specific requirements, additional exposed aggregates and color pigments may be consumed to meet customized design and functional needs. The first step in producing LinCrete GFRC products, after preparing the raw materials, is the preparation of molds according to the project-specific design. The workshop is covered with PE foil to maintain a controlled environment. The molds are prepared with an even surface and a release agent applied to PU foam to facilitate demolding. These molds are supported by plywood or laminated boards and secured with screws. Ideally, the molds are designed for multiple uses, as planned during the architectural design phase. If substructure fasteners need to be embedded into the GFRC products, they are pre-mounted onto the formwork structure in the desired positions. If these components are to be mounted after curing, this step is skipped, and the process proceeds directly to mixing raw materials for the facing layer. The facing layer is then sprayed into the mold using a spray gun. This layer, approximately 3 mm thick, is applied through skilled hand-operated movements. Between each GFRC layer, the correct curing time, depending on factors such as temperature, humidity, and the use of plasticizers, must be observed to prevent delamination. During the spraying process, over-sprayed material is collected, dried, and powdered for reuse within the same production process. This material contributes approximately 25 tons to the 384 tons of total raw material input. While this is reused material, it is classified as internally recycled and does not qualify as secondary material since it is not sourced from external waste streams. If substructure components need to be cast into the GFRC products, they are positioned and secured before proceeding. Otherwise, the process moves on to applying the first backing layer. A concentric spray gun is used to apply the backing coat. In this step, glass-fiber is mixed with the concrete matrix within the spray gun. This mixture is applied in a layer 3–4 mm thick. The layer is then compacted using hand-operated rollers to ensure uniformity and adherence. This spraying and compacting process is repeated, with adherence to the correct curing time between layers, until the desired material thickness is achieved. Once the final thickness is reached, the GFRC elements are allowed to cure before demolding. Depending on project requirements and architectural design, various surface treatments may be performed, including sandblasting, hydrophobic treatments, or coatings. These steps are carried out before the final quality inspection and packaging of the finished GFRC elements. Technical data: The following technical performance data applies: Declared unit: The declared unit for LinCrete cladding is 1 tonne. Typically, large-sized LinCrete elements are manufactured and delivered according to project-specific requirements and technical or functional constraints | ||
Modelling and validation
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| Compliance |
Compliance system name
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Approval of overall compliance
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Nomenclature compliance
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Methodological compliance
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Review compliance
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Documentation compliance
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Quality compliance
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Administrative information
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| Time stamp (last saved) | 2025-06-06T00:00:00 |
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| UUID | c54c16f6-4295-4749-bff0-ba7ed4bc9117 |
| Date of last revision | 2025-06-06T10:42:00+01:00 |
| Data set version | 00.01.000 |
| Registration authority | |
| Registration number | EPD-LIN-20250235-CBA1-EN |
| Owner of data set | |
| Copyright | Yes |
| License type | Free of charge for all users and uses |
| Access and use restrictions | None |
Environmental indicators
Indicators of life cycle