Process information
| Key Data Set Information | |
| Location | AT |
| Reference year | 2023 |
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| Use advice for data set | Scope: This EPD is based on a declared unit of 1 metric tonne of average voestalpine annealed wire rod produced at the production site in St. Peter Freienstein (Austria). System boundary: The life cycle assessment of average annealed wire rod refers to a cradle-to-gate analysis with modules (A1–A3 + C +D). Subsequent life cycle phases are part of the analysis: Module A1–A3 | Production stage The production stage includes the burdens of the production of annealed wire rod of voestalpine Wire Rod Austria GmbH at the production site in St. Peter Freienstein. The used steel billets are provided by the integrated steel mill at the production site in Donawitz. Thus, the upstream environmental impact of the steel supplied is represented by primary data of the respective production site. Material and energy flows for the rolling line, pickling and annealing are considered. Electricity at St. Peter Freienstein is provided from the network of the integrated steel mill at the production site in Donawitz. The power plant is represented based on the site-specific conditions. Data for the representation of the power plant refers to the year 2017. Since 2020, Donawitz purchases 100 % green electricity, which is also considered in this EPD. Thermal energy provision is based on natural gas. Module A1–A3 also includes the production of the packaging. Module C1 | Deconstruction and demolition It is assumed that the product is not connected with other materials and can therefore be dismantled. Associated efforts are negligible, no environmental impacts from the deconstruction of the products are declared. Module C2 | Transport The transport to the disposal of the material is estimated declaring a 50 km radius to the waste processing. Module C3 | Waste processing Product flows that reach Module D for recycling leave the product system in C3. Environmental impacts resulting from the grinding and sorting of steel scrap are not included due to the negligible expected environmental impact. Module C4 | Landfilling Module C4 declares the environmental impacts incurred by landfilling (5 % of the product). Module D | Benefits and loads beyond the system boundary The potential for substituting primary steel with a recycling scenario (95 % of the product) is outlined in Module D. |
| Technical purpose of product or process | Wire rod from voestalpine Wire Rod Austria GmbH is used for a variety of applications. The main amount is used for cold heading products. Typical examples are fasteners, bolts and rivets, ball studs, high-strength screws and highly loaded shafts for automotive lightweight construction. Further important products made out of wire rod are springs, bearings,chains, as well as welding wire. Un- and low-alloyed steel grades categories: Cold forging steel Spring steel Chain steel Bearing steel Soft drawing steel Saw wire Prestressing wire Machining steel Welding wire Cold-work steelMarket Segments: Automotive Construction Mechanical Engineering Energy White goods others |
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| General comment on data set | Wire rod made by voestalpine in St. Peter Freienstein is the base product for lots of applications, that require un- or low alloyed steel in round shape. Wire rod is hot rolled in dimensions from 5 to 52 mm. A large part of the produced wire rod is delivered to voestalpines' own drawing facilities Wire Austria, Wire Germany, Wire Italy and Special Wire for further processing. Many customers use wire rod directly to manufacture finished- or semi-finished products. After the rolling process, wire rod can be heat treated in annealing furnaces to achieve better deformation- and mechanical properties. The heat treatment is considered in this EPD. |
| Copyright | Yes |
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| Data set valid until | 2028 |
| Technological representativeness | |
| Technology description including background system | The billets from voestalpine Stahl Donawitz GmbH are heated up in the walking beam furnace to reach the required rolling temperature. For dimensions up to 23 mm the loop-laying head and cooling conveyor line is used. The bar in coil line is used to produce dimensions from 24 mm to 52 mm. A total number of 36 rolling stands, deform the wire rod to its final dimension. Waterboxes along the rolling lines ensure that the required rolling temperatures are achieved. Technical data: This EPD applies to all wire rod in the condition 'annealed' from voestalpine Wire Rod Austria GmbH, which is why a general statement about mechanical properties is not possible. The technical data given for the products are generic literature data for steel as described e.g. in Key to Steel. No product-specific test rules are applicable to the data given: Constructional data The standard product range of voestalpine Wire Rod Austria contains around 500 different steel grades and a total number of 3500 grades can be produced on customers' demands. Declared unit: This environmental product declaration refers to a declared unit of 1 tonne of average annealed wire rod. |
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Modelling and validation
Administrative information
Environmental indicators