Process information
| Key Data Set Information | |||
| Location | NL | ||
| Reference year | 2024 | ||
| Name |
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| Use advice for data set | Scope: The life cycle assessment is based on the consumption data of the Meppel plant of Xella Baustoffe GmbH and the data basis for 2022. System boundary: EPD type: cradle-to-gate with options. Description of lifecycle phases: Product stage (A1–A3) Raw material provision as well as truck transport of the raw materials to the plant. Production expenditures, in particular provisioning and use of energy carriers and auxiliary materials, as well as packaging material. Treatment of production waste and wastewater. Allocation of all environmental burdens by mass between associated co-products (e.g., scrap for use and marketing as cat litter or oil binder) and the main product. Stage of construction of the building (A4–A5) Module A4: truck transport to the construction site (100 km). Transport distance can, where applicable, be adjusted at the building level (e.g., for 200 km actual transport distance: multiply the LCA values by the factor 2). Module A5: Thermal packaging treatment and resulting credits in Module D. Offcuts were not considered, as these strongly depend on the building context. Offcuts can be approximated using the declared values for the production stage (e.g., 5% offcuts: multiply the LCA values by the factor 0.05). The installation of the products themselves is typically performed manually using mechanical installation trolleys (unladen). Mortar is not accounted for in this EPD. Use stage (B1) Recarbonation of reactive product components (e.g., CaO). A recarbonation rate of 95% is assumed (Walther 2022). End-of-life stage (C1–C4) Module C1: Mechanical deconstruction (excavator). Module C2: Truck transport to waste treatment (50 km). Transport distance can, where applicable, be adjusted at the building level (e.g., for 100 km actual transport distance: multiply the LCA values by the factor 2). Module C3: (Scenario: material recycling): Waste treatment and material recycling as fill material (including credits for substitution of gravel in Module D). Module C4: (Scenario: landfilling): Average emissions from landfilling. Credits and burdens outside the system boundaries (D) Credits from avoided costs due to substitution of gravel as fill material (from Module C3) and credits for energy substitution from packaging treatment. | ||
| Technical purpose of product or process | Transport-reinforced components for non-load-bearing walls. In accordance with the specification, direct contact with water is avoided during construction. | ||
| Classification |
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| General comment on data set | The mentioned products are reinforced elements of different sizes made of aerated concrete. Aerated concrete belongs to the group of porous, autoclaved lightweight concretes. | ||
| Copyright | Yes | ||
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| Time representativeness | |||
| Data set valid until | 2029 | ||
| Technological representativeness | |||
| Technology description including background system | The ground quartz sand is mixed with quicklime, cement, small quantities of a sulphate carrier in the form of gypsum or anhydrite and autoclaved aerated concrete powder (crushed or ground AAC) as production residue, with the addition of water and aluminium powder or paste, in a mixer to form an aqueous suspension and poured into casting moulds. The water slakes the lime under heat generation. The steel reinforcement is manufactured in the aerated concrete factory. The reinforcement elements are treated against corrosion by immersion bathing before they are installed in the casting moulds. The aluminium reacts in an alkaline environment. In the process, gaseous hydrogen is formed, which creates the pores in the mass and escapes without leaving any residue. The pores usually have a diameter of 0.5-1.5 mm and are filled exclusively with air. After the initial setting, semi-solid raw blocks are produced from which the aerated concrete components are cut by machine and with high precision. The formation of the final AAC properties takes place during the subsequent steam curing over 6-12 hours at about 190 °C and a pressure of about 12 bar in steam pressure vessels, the so-called autoclaves. Here, calcium silicate hydrates are formed from the materials used, which correspond to the naturally occurring mineral tobermorite. The reaction of the material is completed when it is removed from the autoclave. The steam is used for further autoclave cycles after the hardening process has been completed. The condensate produced is used as process water. In this way, energy is saved and pollution of the environment with hot exhaust steam and waste water is avoided. | ||
Modelling and validation
| Subtype | specific dataset | ||||
| LCA methodology report | |||||
| Data sources, treatment and representativeness | |||||
| Documentation of data quality management | |||||
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| Compliance Declarations | |||||
| Compliance |
Compliance system name
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Approval of overall compliance
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Nomenclature compliance
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Methodological compliance
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Review compliance
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Documentation compliance
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Quality compliance
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| Compliance |
Compliance system name
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Approval of overall compliance
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Nomenclature compliance
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Methodological compliance
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Review compliance
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Documentation compliance
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Quality compliance
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Administrative information
| Commissioner and goal | |
| Commissioner of data set | |
| Data generator | |
| Data set generator / modeller | |
| Data entry by | |
| Time stamp (last saved) | 2024-02-20T00:00:00 |
| Data set format(s) | |
| Publication and ownership | |
| UUID | 75d70011-b0c7-46b1-9fa2-4d9cdbdf8c1a |
| Date of last revision | 2024-02-20T10:42:00+01:00 |
| Data set version | 00.02.001 |
| Registration authority | |
| Registration number | EPD-XEL-20240036-IBA1-DE |
| Owner of data set | |
| Copyright | Yes |
| License type | Free of charge for all users and uses |
| Access and use restrictions | None |
Environmental indicators
Indicators of life cycle