Process information
| Key Data Set Information | |
| Location | EU-27 |
| Reference year | 2016 |
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| Use advice for data set | Scope: This ARGE EPD covers shutter hardware designed to be integrated into shutter assemblies of varying materials and applications. The reference product used to calculate the impact this product group has on the environment is an item of shutter hardware composed primarily of aluminium and zinc-based alloy and has been selected for the LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) because it is the product with the highest impact for 1 kg of product. A validity scope analysis has also been carried out to determine the limiting factors for shutter hardware covered by this EPD. In a preliminary study (simplified LCA), it has been confirmed that this EPD represents the worst case condition and it can therefore be used to cover all shutter hardware manufactured in Europe by ARGE member companies. System boundary: This type of EPD covers “cradle-to-grave” requirements. The analysis of the product life cycle includes the production and transport of the raw materials, manufacture of the product and the packaging materials, which are declared in modules A1-A3. Losses during production are considered as waste and are sent for recycling. No recycling processes are taken into account except transport and electricity consumption for grinding the metals. When recycled metals are used as raw material, only their transformation process is taken into account and not the extraction of the raw material. A4 module represents the transport of the finished Shutter hardware devices to the installation site. There is no waste associated with the installation of the product. The A5 module therefore represents only the disposal of the product packaging. For the RSL considered for this study, there are no inputs or outputs for the stages B1-B7. The End-of-Life (EoL) stages are also considered. The transportation to the EoL disposal site is taken into account in module C2. Module C4 covers the disposal of the shutter hardware devices. Module C3 covers the recycling of the individual elements according to European averages, with the remaining waste divided between incineration and landfill. The same assumption as for waste to recycling in A3 is used here. For end-of-life modules (C1 to C4) the system boundaries from the XP P01-064/CN standard have been followed, see annex H.2 and H.6 of this document for figures and further details. In practice, the end-of-life has been modeled as follows: - When material is sent for recycling, generic transport and electric consumption of a shredder is taken into account (corresponding to the process “Grinding, metals”). Only then is the material considered to have attained the “end-of-waste” state. - Each type of waste is modelled as transport to the treatment site over a distance of 30 km (source: /FD P01-015/). Parts sent for recycling include an electricity consumption (grinding) and a flow (“Materials for recycling, unspecified”). Four scenarios for the end-of-life of the products have been declared for this EPD: 1. 100% of the product going in landfill 2. 100% of the product going in incineration 3. 100% of the product going in recycling 4. mixed scenario consisting of the previous three scenarios, with values depending on the amount of waste going for recycling. |
| Technical purpose of product or process | These products are designed to be integrated into shutter assemblies of varying materials and applications. Their purpose is to ensure the correct operation of the shutters. They may be used for either interior or exterior shutters. |
| Classification |
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| General comment on data set | This EPD covers all types of shutter hardware used to ensure the correct operation of shutters in buildings. It includes hinges and fasteners. |
| Scenarios | |
| Copyright | Yes |
| Owner of data set | |
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| Time representativeness | |
| Data set valid until | 2021 |
| Technological representativeness | |
| Technology description including background system | The production of a shutter hardware device normally follows a 3 step procedure: 1. Prefabrication of the semi finished products, this step might include a surface treatment on factory site or by external manufacturers. 2. Preassembly of assembly modules (onsite factory) 3. Final assembly (onsite factory) The individual parts of the product are assembled manually Technical data: Ideally, products should comply with a suitable technical specification. /EN 14648:2007/ is an example of such a specification and some products will comply with this. The relevant grading structure is shown in the following table: Declared unit: The declared unit for all products covered by ARGE EPD is 1 kg (of product). Since individual products will rarely weigh exactly 1 kg it is necessary to establish the exact weight of the product then use this as a correction factor to determine the true values for 1 kg of product in the tables (Section 5). A total of nine typical products (based on sales figures) have been evaluated, and the worst case results are used in the tables |
| Flow diagram(s) or picture(s) | |
Modelling and validation
Administrative information
Environmental indicators