Process information
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| Location | GLO | ||
| Reference year | 2024 | ||
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| Use advice for data set | Scope: This EPD relates to timber screws, chipboard screws, drilling and tapping screws, screws for plastics, metric screws and dowel-type fasteners with thread made of steel or stainless steel. Depending on the type of screw, these products are generally used for fastening two or more components made of wood, steel or plastic. The declared environmental data related to 1 kg of steel are based on a weighted average of steel screws in a Wrth manufacturing plant, SWG Schraubenwerk Gaisbach GmbH and internationalized with generic data. The holder of the declaration shall be liable for the underlying information and supporting documents; any liability of IBU (Institut Bauen und Umwelt e. V.) with regard to manufacturer information, life cycle assessment data and supporting documents is hereby excluded. The EPD (Environmental Product Declaration) was created in accordance with EN 15804 + A2: 2022-03. In the following, the standard is referred to in simplified form as EN 15804. System boundary: Type of the EPD: cradle-to-gate - with options, modules C1-C4 and module D (A1-A3 + C + D and additional modules: A4, A5). Production Stage (A1-A3): The Product stage includes: · A1 Raw material supply and processing (mainly steel), · A2 Transport of raw materials to the manufacturer, · A3 Production of Stainless steel screws (incl. energy provision, treatment of production waste, production of packaging materials). Construction stage (A4-A5): The construction process stage includes: · A4 transport to the construction site 100 km by truck, · A5 Disposal of the packaging and installation of the Stainless steel screw. End-of-life stage (C1-C4): The end-of-life stage includes: · C1 machine-assisted de- construction (Hand-screwdriver; battery operated); Direct reuse would theoretically be possible, but is not recommended, as the slide coating can be destroyed by the initial screw-in process and the function of the fastener can no longer be guaranteed after repeated use. · C2 transport to waste processing; 50 km with truck Transport distance can be adjusted at building level if necessary (e.g., for 100 km actual transport distance: multiply LCA values by factor 2) · C3 waste processing for recycling of steel. · C4 no components of the product are landfilled. Benefits and loads beyond the System Boundary (D): Module D includes: Material recovery potentials from metal recycling and energy recovery potentials from the thermal recovery of Packaging. | ||
| Technical purpose of product or process | Timber screws, chipboard screws, drilling and tapping screws, plastic screws and dowel-type fasteners with thread made of steel are used when fastening two or more components. Depending on the type of screw, these products are generally used for fastening components made of wood, steel or plastic. Possible application examples include timber construction, steel construction, indoor/outdoor use, furniture applications or window construction. Examples of Wrth product groups are ASSY, Pias and Piasta screws. | ||
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| General comment on data set | Dowel-type fasteners with thread, e.g. screws made of steel, are fasteners that can predominantly be used for fastening two or more components. The materials to be fastened or screw-in surfaces can be made of wood, wood materials, plastic, aluminium, steel, stainless steel or other metals. Pin-shaped connectors, such as screws, are generally manufactured from a wire (steel) and provided with a head on one component side to be tightened. Depending on the application, it can have different shapes, e.g. countersunk head, round head, hexagon head or washer head. For anchoring the pin-shaped connectors, a thread is formed on the opposite side. The thread shape (e.g. wood thread or metric thread) is matched to the screw-in surface and can be designed differently in terms of thread height, thread angle or thread pitch. The point design of the dowel-type fasteners with thread is matched to the application, e.g. wooden tip, drill tip or blunt shape. For protection against corrosion or e.g. for setting a sliding friction, the pin-shaped connectors can be provided with different coatings, for example, zinc or anti-skid coating. Depending on the application, the additional use of suitable steel or stainless steel seals as well as EPDM seals (ethylene-propylene-diene rubber), washers or nuts is provided. Depending on the application, the dowel-type fasteners with thread can be subject to legal national or European requirements such as the Construction Products Regulation. For example, the following documentation possibilities may be available: | ||
| Copyright | Yes | ||
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| Data set valid until | 2029 | ||
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| Technology description including background system | Pin-shaped connectors, such as screws, are generally manufactured from a wire (steel) and provided with a head on one component side to be tightened. Depending on the application, it can have different shapes, e.g. countersunk head, round head, hexagon head or washer head. For anchoring the pin-shaped connectors, a thread is formed on the opposite side. The thread shape (e.g. wood thread or metric thread) is matched to the screw-in surface and can be designed differently in terms of thread height, thread angle or thread pitch. The point design of the dowel-type fasteners with thread is matched to the application, e.g. wooden tip, drill tip or blunt shape. For protection against corrosion or e.g. for setting a sliding friction, the pin-shaped connectors can be provided with different coatings, for example zinc or anti-skid coating. Currently, mainly the following production methods are used to produce dowel-type fasteners with thread: cold or hot extrusion processes with multi-stage pressing tools. The starting material is delivered as coiled wire on spools and is uncoiled and straightened in the upstream plant. Modern cold and hot extrusion presses operate in multiple stages, i.e. several steps are carried out in a single operation, such as shearing of the blank, preforming of the screw head, final upsetting, deburring and reduction of the threaded part. In a next step, the thread of the screw is formed without cutting using a thread rolling machine. For self-drilling screws, pinching of the drill tip takes place before thread rolling. Between each working step, the parts are washed in a washing facility specially provided for this purpose. Depending on the product, hardening of the material can also take place. Finally, the screw surface is galvanized and coated. Technical data: Structural data for the respective dowel-type fasteners with thread are provided in the corresponding approvals and technical drawings, as shown below in an excerpt from ETA 11/0190 (ASSY) for wood screws. Declared unit: 1 kg average self-tapping screws made of steel: | ||
Modelling and validation
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| LCA methodology report | |||||
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Approval of overall compliance
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Nomenclature compliance
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Methodological compliance
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Review compliance
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Documentation compliance
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Quality compliance
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| Compliance |
Compliance system name
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Approval of overall compliance
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Nomenclature compliance
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Methodological compliance
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Review compliance
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Documentation compliance
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Quality compliance
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Administrative information
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| Time stamp (last saved) | 2024-03-21T00:00:00 |
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| UUID | 34aec3b6-21bf-462b-994a-07da86f9ad47 |
| Data set version | 00.02.000 |
| Registration authority | |
| Registration number | EPD-AWU-20230570-CBA1-EN |
| Owner of data set | |
| Copyright | Yes |
| License type | Free of charge for all users and uses |
| Access and use restrictions | None |
Environmental indicators
Indicators of life cycle